What is sword crossguards?

Sword crossguards are typically found on medieval and Renaissance-era swords and were an important component of the sword's design. Their primary purpose was to protect the wielder's hand and ensure a secure grip on the sword. Crossguards are usually made of metal, such as steel or cast bronze, and come in a wide variety of shapes and designs, ranging from simple and utilitarian to ornate and decorative. Some common crossguard shapes include the straight cross, the curved cross, and the cruciform cross, which features a cross shape with arms of equal length. Many crossguards are embellished with engravings, inscriptions, or other decorative elements that add to the sword's aesthetic appeal.